What is the process of breaking down biodegradable waste into compost called?

Composting is the process of breaking down biodegradable waste into compost, which is a nutrient-rich material that can be added to soil to improve its health and fertility. This process typically involves the decomposition of organic matter such as food scraps, yard waste, and other biodegradable materials by microorganisms, fungi, and other decomposers.

During composting, these organisms break down the organic matter, transforming it into a stable product that can enhance soil structure, provide essential nutrients, and promote healthy plant growth. The success of composting depends on the right balance of carbon and nitrogen in the materials, appropriate moisture levels, and adequate aeration to support the microorganisms.

Other options, while related to waste management, do not specifically refer to the breakdown of biodegradable waste into compost. Recycling focuses on processing materials to create new products, waste reduction emphasizes minimizing waste generation overall, and natural selection pertains to biological evolution rather than waste management. Thus, composting is the precise term that aligns with the process described in the question.