Which nutrient is crucial for reducing birth defects during pregnancy?

Folic Acid, also known as folate, is vital for reducing the risk of birth defects, particularly neural tube defects, during pregnancy. This B-vitamin plays a critical role in cell division and the formation of DNA, which are essential processes in fetal development. Adequate intake of folic acid before conception and during early pregnancy significantly lowers the chances of these severe birth defects.

In addition to its role in preventing neural tube defects, folic acid is also involved in the production of red blood cells and contributes to the overall health of both the mother and the developing fetus. Health authorities generally recommend that women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant consume a daily supplement of folic acid, along with a diet rich in folate.

Other nutrients listed, while important for general health, do not specifically target the prevention of birth defects in the way that folic acid does. Protein supports overall growth and development, sodium is essential for fluid balance, and sugar, although a source of energy, does not contribute to preventing birth defects.